How does a hard money loan work in real estate?

January 1, 2025

A hard money loan in real estate is a short-term, asset-based loan used to finance property purchases or projects. Unlike traditional mortgages, hard money loans prioritize the value of the property being used as collateral rather than the borrower’s creditworthiness or income. Here’s how they work:

A hard money loan in real estate is a short-term, asset-based loan used to finance property purchases or projects. Unlike traditional mortgages, hard money loans prioritize the value of the property being used as collateral rather than the borrower’s creditworthiness or income. Here’s how they work:



Key Features of Hard Money Loans

Asset-Based Lending

The loan amount is based on the property’s current or after-repair value (ARV).

Lenders are more interested in the collateral than the borrower’s financial profile.

Short-Term Financing

Loan terms typically range from 6 months to 3 years, ideal for flips, renovations, or bridging finance.

Higher Interest Rates and Fees

Interest rates usually range from 10% to 15%, with origination fees (points) of 1% to 5%.

Fast Approval

Hard money loans are approved quickly, often within days, making them ideal for competitive markets or time-sensitive deals.


How Hard Money Loans Are Used in Real Estate

Property Flipping

Investors use hard money to purchase and renovate properties, repaying the loan after selling the property for a profit.

Bridge Financing

Provides temporary funding while waiting for long-term financing or the sale of another property.

Distressed Properties

Ideal for properties in poor condition that traditional lenders may not finance.

Auction Purchases

The quick approval process makes hard money loans perfect for auction purchases requiring immediate payment.


How Repayment Works

During the loan term, borrowers may pay interest-only or a combination of interest and principal.

The loan must be repaid in full by the end of the term, often through:

Refinancing into a traditional loan.

Selling the property.


Advantages

Quick access to capital.

Flexible lending terms.

Easier qualification process, with less focus on credit history.

Disadvantages

Higher interest rates and fees.

Short repayment terms.

Risk of property loss if the loan defaults.


Hard money loans are best suited for experienced investors with a clear exit strategy and a project that justifies the higher costs.



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